Practice Guidelines for Chronic Pain Management:  Bibliography

American Society of Anesthesiologists

 

 

1. Abram SE, Anderson RA, Maitra-D'Cruze AM: Factors predicting short-term outcome of nerve blocks in the management of chronic pain. Pain 10:323-330, 1981

 

2. Abram SE, Asiddao CB, Reynolds AC: Increased skin temperature during transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Anesthesia And Analgesia 59:22-25, 1980

 

3. Abram SE, Reynolds AC, Cusick JF: Failure of naloxone to reverse analgesia from transcutaneous electrical stimulation in patients with chronic pain. Anesthesia And Analgesia 60:81-84, 1981

 

4. Ackerman WE3, Colclough GW, Juneja MM, Bellinger K: The management of oral mexiletine and intravenous lidocaine to treat chronic painful symmetrical distal diabetic neuropathy. Journal Of The Kentucky Medical Association 89:500-501, 1991

 

5. Adly C, Straumanis J, Chesson A: Fluoxetine prophylaxis of migraine [see comments]. Headache 32:101-104, 1992

 

6. Agnew DC, Goldberg VD: A brief trial of phenytoin therapy for thalamic pain. Bulletin of the

Los Angeles Neurological Society 41:9-12, 1976

 

7. Alberico JG: Breaking the chronic pain cycle. American Journal of Nursing 84:1222-1225, 1984

 

8. Albright GL, Fischer AA: Effects of warming imagery aimed at trigger-point sites on tissue compliance, skin temperature, and pain sensitivity in biofeedback-trained patients with chronic pain: a preliminary study. Perceptual And Motor Skills 71:1163-1170, 1990

 

9. Almay BG, Johansson F, von Knorring L, Sakurada T, Terenius L: Long-term high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (hi-TNS) in chronic pain. Clinical response and effects on CSF-endorphins, monoamine metabolites, substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) and pain measures. Journal Of Psychosomatic Research 29:247-257, 1985

 

10. Amadio PJ, Cummings DM: The effect of tolmetin on the chronic pain and decreased functional capacity associated with degenerative joint disease. Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology 25:100-108, 1985

 

11. Andersen KH, Mosdal C, Vaernet K: Percutaneous radiofrequency facet denervation in low-back and extremity pain. Acta Neurochirurgica 87:48-51, 1987

 

12. Anderson JM, Kaplan MS, Felsenthal G: Brain injury obscured by chronic pain: a preliminary report. Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation 71:703-708, 1990

 

13. Andersson SA, Hansson G, Holmgren E, Renberg O: Evaluation of the pain suppressive effect of different frequencies of peripheral electrical stimulation in chronic pain conditions. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 47:149-157, 1976

 

14. Andy OJ: Post concussion syndrome: brainstem seizures, a case report. Clinical Electroencephalography 20:24-34, 1989

 

15. Antognini JF: Chronic pain after methysergide: a new cause of ischemic monomelic neuropathy. Regional Anesthesia 16:337-338, 1991

 

16. Arn'er S, Lindblom U, Meyerson BA, Molander C: Prolonged relief of neuralgia after regional anesthetic blocks. A call for further experimental and systematic clinical studies. Pain 43:287-297, 1990

 

17. Arn'er S, Meyerson BA: Lack of analgesic effect of opioids on neuropathic and idiopathic forms of pain [see comments]. Pain 33:11-23, 1988

 

18. Arnhoff FN, Triplett HB, Pokorney B: Follow-up status of patients treated with nerve blocks for low-back pain. Anesthesiology 46:170-178, 1977

 

19. Aronoff GM, Evans WO: Doxepin as an adjunct in the treatment of chronic pain. Journal Of Clinical Psychiatry 43:42-47, 1982

 

20. Auld AW, Maki Jokela A, Murdoch DM: Intraspinal narcotic analgesia in the treatment of chronic pain. Spine 10:777-781, 1985

 

21. Bapat AR, Kshirsagar NA, Bapat RD: Epidural morphine in the treatment of chronic pain. Journal Of Postgraduate Medicine 26:242-245, 1980

 

22. Barnard D: The effects of extreme cold on sensory nerves. Annals Of The Royal College Of Surgeons Of England 62:180-187, 1980

 

23. Barnsley L, Bogduk N: Medial branch blocks are specific for the diagnosis of cervical zygapophyseal joint pain. Regional Anesthesia 18:343-350, 1993

 

24. Barnsley L, Lord SM, Wallis BJ, Bogduk N: Lack of effect of intraarticular corticosteroids for chronic pain in the cervical zygapophyseal joints [see comments]. New England Journal Of Medicine 330:1047-1050, 1994

 

25. Barolat G, Schwartzman R, Woo R: Epidural spinal cord stimulation in the management of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery 53:29-39, 1989(Abstract)

 

26. Barry PJC, Kendall PH: Corticosteroid infiltration of the extradural space. Annals of Physical Medicine 6:267-273, 1962(Abstract)

 

27. Bates JA, Nathan PW: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic pain. Anaesthesia 35:817-822, 1980

 

28. Behar M, Magora F, Olshwang D, Davidson JT: Epidural morphine in treatment of pain. Lancet 1:527-529, 1979

 

29. Beltrutti D, Lamberto A, Obertino E: Persistent pain and personality evaluation. A report of seven multi-operated patients for chronic pain complaints of non malignant origin. Panminerva Medica 34:197-203, 1992

 

30. Berman AT, Garbarino JL, Jr., Fisher SM, Bosacco SJ: The effects of epidural injection of local anesthetics and corticosteroids on patients with lumbosciatic pain. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research 144-151, 1984

 

31. Blumer D, Heilbronn M, Pedraza E, Pope G: Systematic treatment of chronic pain with antidepressants. Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal 28:15-21, 1980

 

32. Boas RA, Hatangdi VS: Electrical stimulation in the relief of pain: a pilot study. New Zealand Medical Journal 84:230-233, 1976

 

33. Boell R, Rubin J: Benzodiazepines--contraindicated in the patient with chronic pain [letter]. South African Medical Journal 80:59, 1991

 

34. Bohm E: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in chronic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Acta Neurochirurgica 40:277-285, 1978

 

35. Bonebrake AR, Fernandez JE, Marley RJ, Dahalan JB, Kilmer KJ: A treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome: evaluation of objective and subjective measures. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 13:507-520, 1990

 

36. Bouckoms AJ, Litman RE: Clonazepam in the treatment of neuralgic pain syndrome. Psychosomatics 26:933-936, 1985

 

37. Bourgoin S, Cesselin F, Gozlan H, Fattaccini CM, Tran MA, Montastruc JL, Rascol A, Hamon M: Chronic chlorimipramine does not reverse the reduction of cerebrospinal fluid Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in chronic-pain patients. Clinical Neuropharmacology 10:434-442, 1987

 

38. Bowen CV, Dzus AK, Hardy DA: Osteoid osteomata of the distal phalanx. Journal Of Hand Surgery British Volume 12:387-390, 1987

 

39. Bremerich A, Wiegel W, Thein T, Dietze T: Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) in the therapy of chronic facial pain. Preliminary report. Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery 16:379-381, 1988

 

40. Brent RH, Flamm GH: The management of idiopathic chronic pain: a holistic approach. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 26:429-431, 1981

 

41. Brodner RA, Taub A: Chronic pain exacerbated by long-term narcotic use in patients with nonmalignant disease: clinical syndrome and treatment. Mount Sinai Journal Of Medicine 45:233-237, 1978

 

42. Brown FW: Management of diskogenic pain using epidural and intrathecal steroids. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 72-78, 1977

 

43. Brown REJ, Schmitz ML, Andelman PD: The treatment of pain in children. Journal Of The Arkansas Medical Society 90:112-113, 1993

 

44. Bryant RA: Memory for pain and affect in chronic pain patients. Pain 54:347-351, 1993

 

45. Buchhaas U, Koulousakis A, Nittner K: Experience with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in the management of chronic pain in a traumatic transverse lesion syndrome. Neurosurgical Review 12 Suppl 1:582-587, 1989

 

46. Budd K, Brown PM, Robson PJ: The treatment of chronic pain by the use of meptazinol administered into the epidural space. Postgraduate Medical Journal 59 Suppl 1:68-71, 1983

 

47. Budde G: Efficacy and tolerability of flupenthixol decanoate in the treatment of depression and psychosomatic disorders: a multicenter trial in general practice. Progress In Neuro-Psychopharmacology And Biological Psychiatry 16.  P 677-89.-89. 1992

 

48. Burton CV: Session on spinal cord stimulation: safety and clinical efficacy. Neurosurgery 1:214-215, 1977(Abstract)

 

49. Busch EH, Atchison SR: Steroid celiac plexus block for chronic pancreatitis: results in 16 cases. Journal Of Clinical Anesthesia 1:431-433, 1989

 

50. Campbell JN, Long DM: Peripheral nerve stimulation in the treatment of intractable pain. Journal Of Neurosurgery 45:692-699, 1976

 

51. Carette S, Marcoux S, Truchon R, Grondin C, Gagnon J, Allard Y, Latulippe M: A controlled trial of corticosteroid injections into facet joints for chronic low back pain [see comments]. New England Journal of  Medicine 325:1002-1007, 1991

 

52. Carroll D, Jadad A, King V, Wiffen P, Glynn C, McQuay H: Single-dose, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy cross-over comparison of extradural and i.v. clonidine in chronic pain. British Journal of Anaesthesia 71:665-669, 1993

 

53. Cassisi JE, Sypert GW, Salamon A, Kapel L: Independent evaluation of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for chronic low back pain. Neurosurgery 25:877-883, 1989

 

54. Cauthen JC, Renner EJ: Transcutaneous and peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic pain states. Surgical Neurology 4:102-104, 1975

 

55. Chabal C, Jacobson L, Little J: Intrathecal fentanyl depresses nociceptive flexion reflexes in patients with chronic pain. Anesthesiology 70:226-229, 1989

 

56. Chan S, Leung S: Spinal epidural abscess following steroid injection for sciatica. Spine 14:106-108, 1984(Abstract)

 

57. Chapman SL, Brena SF: Learned helplessness and responses to nerve blocks in chronic low back pain patients. Pain 14:355-364, 1982

 

58. Chapman SL, Brena SF, Bradford LA: Treatment outcome in a chronic pain rehabilitation program. Pain 11:255-268, 1981

 

59. Cherry DA, Gourlay GK, McLachlan M, Cousins MJ: Diagnostic epidural opioid blockade and chronic pain: preliminary report. Pain 21:143-152, 1985

 

60. Chindia ML, Ng'ang'a PM: Alcohol injection in the management of paroxysmal trigeminal neuralgia: a report of six cases. East African Medical Journal 71:49-50, 1994

 

61. Christidis D, Ince LP, Zaretsky HH, Pitchford LJ: A cross-modality approach for treatment of chronic pain: a preliminary report. Psychosomatic Medicine 48:224-228, 1986

 

62. Cicala RS, Thoni K, Angel JJ: Long-term results of cervical epidural steroid injections. Clinical Journal of Pain 5:143-145, 1989

 

63. Cinciripini PM, Floreen A: An evaluation of a behavioral program for chronic pain. Journal Of Behavioral Medicine 5:375-389, 1982

 

64. Clark K: Electrical stimulation of the nervous system for control of pain: University of Texas Southwestern Medical School experience. Surgical Neurology 4:164-166, 1975

 

65. Clarke IM: Amitriptyline and perphenazine (Triptafen DA) in chronic pain. Anaesthesia 36:210-212, 1981

 

66. Clifford DB, Trotter JL: Pain in multiple sclerosis. Archives Of Neurology 41:1270-1272, 1984

 

67. Cohn ML, Huntington CT, Byrd SE, Machado AF, Cohn M: Epidural morphine and methylprednisolone. New therapy for recurrent low-back pain. Spine 11:960-963, 1986

 

68. Coombs DW, Pageau MG, Saunders RL, Mroz WT: Intraspinal narcotic tolerance: preliminary experience with continuous bupivicaine HCL infusion via implanted infusion device. International Journal Of Artificial Organs 5:379-382, 1982

 

69. Coombs DW, Saunders RL, Gaylor MS, Block AR, Colton T, Harbaugh R, Pageau MG, Mroz W: Relief of continuous chronic pain by intraspinal narcotics infusion via an implanted reservoir. Journal of the American Medical Association 250:2336-2339, 1983

 

70. Cott A, Anchel H, Goldberg WM, Fabich M, Parkinson W: Non-institutional treatment of chronic pain by field management: an outcome study with comparison group. Pain 40:183-194, 1990

 

71. Cottingham B, Phillips PD, Davies GK, Getty CJ: The effect of subcutaneous nerve stimulation (SCNS) on pain associated with osteoarthritis of the hip. Pain 22:243-248, 1985

 

72. Crisologo PA, Neal B, Brown R, McDanal J, Kissin I: Lidocaine-induced spinal block can relieve central poststroke pain: role of the block in chronic pain diagnosis [see comments]. Anesthesiology 74:184-185, 1991

 

73. Crook J, Weir R, Tunks E: An epidemiological follow-up survey of persistent pain sufferers in a group family practice and specialty pain clinic. Pain 36:49-61, 1989

 

74. Cuckler JM, Bernini PA, Wiesel SW, Booth RE, Jr., Rothman RH, Pickens GT: The use of epidural steroids in the treatment of lumbar radicular pain. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American  67:63-66, 1985

 

75. Cutler RB, Fishbain DA, Lu Y, Rosomoff RS, Rosomoff HL: Prediction of pain center treatment outcome for geriatric chronic pain patients [see comments]. Clinical Journal Of Pain 10:10-17, 1994

 

76. Dallas TL, Lin RL, Wu WH, Wolskee P: Epidural morphine and methylprednisolone for low-back pain. Anesthesiology 67:408-411, 1987

 

77. Daniel M, Long C, Murphy W, Kores R, Hutcherson W: Therapists' and chronic pain patients' perceptions of treatment outcome. Journal Of Nervous And Mental Disease 171:729-733, 1983

 

78. Daniel MS, Long C, Hutcherson WL, Hunter S: Psychological factors and outcome of electrode implantation for chronic pain. Neurosurgery 17:773-777, 1985

 

79. Davis JL, Lewis SB, Gerich JE, Kaplan RA, Schultz TA, Wallin JD: Peripheral diabetic neuropathy treated with amitriptyline and fluphenazine. Journal of the American Medical Association 238:2291-2292, 1977

 

80. Davis VP, Fillingim RB, Doleys DM, Davis MP: Assessment of aerobic power in chronic pain patients before and after a multi-disciplinary treatment program. Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation 73:726-729, 1992

 

81. De La Porte C, Siegfried J: Lumbosacral spinal fibrosis (spinal arachnoiditis): Its diagnosis and treatment by spinal cord stimulation. Spine 8:593-603, 1983(Abstract)

 

82. Deardorff WW, Rubin HS, Scott DW: Comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment of chronic pain: a follow-up study of treated and non-treated groups. Pain 45:35-43, 1991

 

83. DeBenedettis G: A new strategy for chronic pain control: Preliminary results, part II. Journal of Neurosurgical Science 23:191-200, 1979(Abstract)

 

84. Defalque RJ: Treatment of chronic pain with bupivacaine epidural blocks. Anesthesia And Analgesia 53:841-843, 1974

 

85. Demirel T, Braun W, Reimers CD: Results of spinal cord stimulation in patients suffering from chronic pain after a two year observation period. Neurochirurgia 27:47-50, 1984

 

86. DeSio JM, Bacon DR, Peer G, Lema MJ: Intravenous abuse of transdermal fentanyl therapy in a chronic pain patient. Anesthesiology 79:1139-1141, 1993

 

87. Devulder J, Vermeulen H, De Colvenaer L, Rolly G, Calliauw L, Caemaert J: Spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain: evaluation of results, complications, and technical considerations in sixty-nine patients [see comments]. Clinical Journal of Pain 7:21-28, 1991

 

88. Deyo RA, Walsh NE, Martin DC, Schoenfeld LS, Ramamurthy S: A controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and exercise for chronic low back pain [see comments]. New England Journal of Medicine 322:1627-1634, 1990

 

89. Dhuner KG, Forssblad P: Evaluation of the extent of sympathetic block of the arm after stelate-ganglion block by the ninhydrine finger printing test. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 11:153-157, 1967(Abstract)

 

90. Diamond S, Freitag FG: The use of fluoxetine in the treatment of headache [letter]. Clinical Journal of Pain 5:200-201, 1989

 

91. Dilke TF, Burry HC, Grahame R: Extradural corticosteroid injection in management of lumbar nerve root compression. British Medical Journal 2:635-637, 1973

 

92. Doleys DM, Dolce JJ, Doleys AL, Crocker M, Wolfe SE: Evaluation, narcotics and behavioral treatment influences on pain ratings in chronic pain patients. Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation 67:456-458, 1986

 

93. Don RG, Tay G: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the relief of chronic pain. Singapore Medical Journal 23:322-324, 1982

 

94. Donlon WC: Odontalgia mimicking trigeminal neuralgia. Anesthesia Progress 36:98-100, 1989

 

95. Dory MA: Arthrography of the cervical facet joints. Radiology 148:379-382, 1983

 

96. Dougherty JH, Jr., Fraser RA: Complications following intraspinal injections of steroids. Report of two cases. Journal of Neurosurgery 48:1023-1025, 1978

 

97. Drake MEJ: Chronic pain syndrome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Archives Of Neurology 40:453-454, 1983

 

98. Duckro PN, Margolis RB, Tait RC, Korytnyk N: Long-term follow-up of chronic pain patients: a preliminary study. International Journal Of Psychiatry In Medicine 15:283-292, 1985

 

99. Dunbar N: Percutaneous stimulation in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. Journal Of Neurosurgical Nursing 8:105-112, 1976

 

100. Duthie AM: The use of phenothiazines and tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of intractable pain. South African Medical Journal 51:246-247, 1977

 

101. Earle JJ, Patterson WM: Chronic pain, neuroleptics, and tardive dyskinesia. Psychosomatics 27:291-293, 1986

 

102. Ebersold MJ, Laws ER, Stonnington HH, Stillwell GK: Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for treatment of chronic pain: a preliminary report. Surgical Neurology 4:96-99, 1975

 

103. Ebersold MJ, Laws ER, Jr., Albers JW: Measurements of autonomic function before, during, and after transcutaneous stimulation in patients with chronic pain and in control subjects. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 52:228-232, 1977

 

104. Eisendrath SJ, Kodama KT: Fluoxetine management of chronic abdominal pain. Psychosomatics 33:227-229, 1992

 

105. el Khoury GY, Kathol MH, Chandler JB, Albright JP: Shoulder instability: impact of glenohumeral arthrotomography on treatment. Radiology 160:669-673, 1986

 

106. Ellis JS, Jr., Ramamurthy S, Schoenfeld LS, Hoffman J, Walsh NE: Diagnostic epidural opioid technique. Clinical Journal of Pain 5:211-215, 1989

 

107. Erickson DL: Percutaneous trial of stimulation for patient selection for implantable stimulating devices. Journal of Neurosurgery 43:440-444, 1975

 

108. Eriksson MB, Sjolund BH, Nielz'en S: Long term results of peripheral conditioning stimulation as an analgesic measure in chronic pain. Pain 6:335-347, 1979

 

109. Fancourt GJ, Flavell Matts SG: A double-blind comparison of meptazinol versus placebo in chronic rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Current Medical Research And Opinion 9:184-191, 1984

 

110. Fardy MJ, Patton DW: Complications associated with peripheral alcohol injections in the management of trigeminal neuralgia. British Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery 32:387-391, 1994

 

111. Fargas Babjak AM, Pomeranz B, Rooney PJ: Acupuncture-like stimulation with codetron for rehabilitation of patients with chronic pain syndrome and osteoarthritis. Acupuncture And Electro-Therapeutics Research 17:95-105, 1992

 

112. Fargas Babjak A, Rooney P, Gerecz E: Randomized trial of Codetron for pain control in osteoarthritis of the hip/knee. Clinical Journal Of Pain 5:137-141, 1989

 

113. Ferraccioli G, Cavalieri F, Salaffi F, Fontana S, Scita F, Nolli M, Maestri D: Neuroendocrinologic findings in primary fibromyalgia (soft tissue chronic pain syndrome) and in other chronic rheumatic conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain) [see comments]. Journal Of Rheumatology 17:869-873, 1990

 

114. Fildes PG: An approach to the management of chronic pain. Australian Family Physician 18:1493-1496, 1989

 

115. Fine PG, Hare BD, Zahniser JC: Epidural abscess following epidural catheterization in a chronic pain patient: a diagnostic dilemma. Anesthesiology 69:422-424, 1988

 

116. Fine PG, Roberts WJ, Gillette RG, Child TR: Slowly developing placebo responses confound tests of intravenous phentolamine to determine mechanisms underlying idiopathic chronic low back pain. Pain 56:235-242, 1994

 

117. Flor H, Haag G, Turk DC: Long-term efficacy of EMG biofeedback for chronic rheumatic back pain. Pain 27:195-202, 1986

 

118. Fordyce WE, Fowler RS, Jr., Lehmann JF, Delateur BJ, Sand PL, Trieschmann RB: Operant conditioning in the treatment of chronic pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 54:399-408, 1973

 

119. France RD, Urban BJ, Keefe FJ: Long-term use of narcotic analgesics in chronic pain. Social Science And Medicine 19:1379-1382, 1984

 

120. Fried T, Johnson R, McCracken W: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: its role in the control of chronic pain. Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation 65:228-231, 1984

 

121. Fujita Y, Nakazaki K: [Complications of alcohol injection into the mandibular nerve. Gasserian palsy and oculomotor palsy (author's transl)]. Regional Anaesthesia 5:39-41, 1982

 

122. Gainer MJ: Somatization of dissociated traumatic memories in a case of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. American Journal Of Clinical Hypnosis 36:124-131, 1993

 

123. Galer BS, Miller KV, Rowbotham MC: Response to intravenous lidocaine infusion differs based on clinical diagnosis and site of nervous system injury. Neurology 43:1233-1235, 1993

 

124. Ganvir P, Beaumont G, Seldrup J: A comparative trial of clomipramine and placebo as adjunctive therapy in arthralgia. Journal Of International Medical Research 8 Suppl 3:60-66, 1980

 

125. Garcia-Larrea L, Sindou M, Mauguiere F: Clinical use of nociceptive flexion reflex recording in the evaluation of functional neurosurgical procedures. Acta Neurochirurgica - Supplementum 46:53-7:53-57, 1989

 

126. Geiger G, Todd DD, Clark HB, Miller RP, Kori SH: The effects of feedback and contingent reinforcement on the exercise behavior of chronic pain patients. Pain 49:179-185, 1992

 

127. Ghia JN, Blank JW, McAdams CG: A new interabdominis approach to inguinal region block for the management of chronic pain. Regional Anesthesia 16:72-78, 1991

 

128. Ghia JN, Duncan G, Toomey TC, Mao W, Gregg JM: The pharmacologic approach in differential diagnosis of chronic pain. Spine 4:447-451, 1979

 

129. Ghia JN, Toomey TC, Mao W, Duncan G, Gregg JM: Towards an understanding of chronic pain mechanisms: the use of psychologic tests and a refined differential spinal block. Anesthesiology 50:20-25, 1979

 

130. Gibbons JJ, Wilson PR, Lamer TJ, Elliott BA: Interscalene blocks for chronic upper extremity pain. Clinical Journal of Pain 8:264-269, 1992

 

131. Gillman MA, Lichtigfeld FJ: A comparison of the effects of morphine sulphate and nitrous oxide analgesia on chronic pain states in man. Journal Of The Neurological Sciences 49:41-45, 1981

 

132. Gilula LA, Oloff L, Caputi R, Destouet JM, Jacobs A, Solomon MA: Ankle tenography: a key to unexplained symptomatology. Part II: Diagnosis of chronic tendon disabilities. Radiology 151:581-587, 1984

 

133. Glynn C, Dawson D, Sanders R: A double-blind comparison between epidural morphine and epidural clonidine in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Pain 34:123-128, 1988

 

134. Goebert HW, Jallo SJ, Gardner WJ, Wasmuth CE: Painful radiculopathy treated with epidural injections of procaine and hydrocortisone acetate: results in 113 patients. Anesthesia and Analgesia 40:130-134, 1961(Abstract)

 

135. Gottlieb H, Alperson BL, Schwartz AH, Beck C, Kee S: Self-management for medication reduction in chronic low back pain. Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation 69:442-448, 1988

 

136. Gottlieb H, Strite LC, Koller R, Madorsky A, Hockersmith V, Kleeman M, Wagner J: Comprehensive rehabilitation of patients having chronic low back pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 58:101-108, 1977

 

137. Gourlay GK, Murphy TM, Plummer JL, Kowalski SR, Cherry DA, Cousins MJ: Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl in lumbar and cervical CSF following lumbar epidural and intravenous administration. Pain 38:253-259, 1989

 

138. Graber JN, Lifson A: The use of spinal cord stimulation for severe limb-threatening ischemia: A preliminary report. Annals of Vascular Surgery 1:578-582, 1987(Abstract)

 

139. Graziano JM: Retrospective analysis of acute and chronic pain control in physical therapy and rehabilitation with T.E.N.S. Basal Facts 7:75-80, 1985

 

140. Greenan TJ, Zlatkin MB, Dalinka MK, Esterhai JL: Posttraumatic changes in the posterior glenoid and labrum in a handball player. American Journal Of Sports Medicine 21:153-156, 1993

 

141. Greer T, Katon W, Chrisman N, Butler S, Caplan Tuke D: Headache and chronic pain in primary care [clinical conference]. Journal Of Family Practice 27:477-482, 1988

 

142. Grubb SA, Lipscomb HJ, Guilford WB: The relative value of lumbar roentgenograms, metrizamide myelography, and discography in the assessment of patients with chronic low-back syndrome. Spine 12:282-286, 1987

 

143. Guck TP, Skultety FM, Meilman PW, Dowd ET: Multi-disciplinary pain center follow-up study: evaluation with a no-treatment control group. Pain 21:295-306, 1985(Abstract)

 

144. Guieu R, Tardy Gervet MF, Giraud P: Substance P-like immunoreactivity and analgesic effects of vibratory stimulation on patients suffering from chronic pain. Canadian Journal Of Neurological Sciences 20:138-141, 1993

 

145. Guieu R, Tardy Gervet MF, Roll JP: Analgesic effects of vibration and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation applied separately and simultaneously to patients with chronic pain. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 18:113-119, 1991

 

146. Guieu R, Tardy-Gervet MF, Blin O, Pouget J: Pain relief achieved by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and/or vibratory stimulation in a case of painful legs and moving toes. Pain 42:43-48, 1990(Abstract)

 

147. Hammonds W: Case history number 94: the treatment of chronic pain: a multi-faceted approach. Anesthesia And Analgesia 56:118-122, 1977

 

148. Hampf G: Effect of serotonin antagonists on patients with atypical facial pain. Journal Of Craniomandibular Disorders 3:211-212, 1989

 

149. Harkapaa K, Jarvikoski A, Mellin G, Hurri H: A controlled study on the outcome of inpatient and outpatient treatment of low back pain. Part I. Pain, disability, compliance, and reported treatment benefits three months after treatment. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 21:81-89, 1989

 

150. Harley C: Extradural corticosteroid infiltration. A follow-up study of 50 cases. Annals of Physical Medicine 9:22-28, 1967

 

151. Hassenbusch SJ, Stanton Hicks MD, Covington EC, Walsh JG, Guthrey DS: Long-term intraspinal infusions of opioids in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 10:527-543, 1995(Abstract)

 

152. Hassenbusch SJ, Stanton Hicks MD, Soukup J, Covington EC, Boland MB: Sufentanil citrate and morphine/bupivacaine as alternative agents in chronic epidural infusions for intractable non-cancer pain. Neurosurgery 29:76-81; discussion 81-2, 1991

 

153. Hawkes CH, Myke M, Desmond A, Bultitude MI, Kanegaonkar GS: Stimulation of dorsal column in multiple sclerosis. British Medical Journal 280:889-891, 1980

 

154. Hazard RG, Fenwick JW, Kalisch SM, Redmond J, Reeves V, Reid S, Frymoyer JW: Functional restoration with behavioral support. A one-year prospective study of patients with chronic low-back pain. Spine 14:157-161, 1989

 

155. Heinrich RL, Cohen MJ, Naliboff BD, Collins GA, Bonebakker AD: Comparing physical and behavior therapy for chronic low back pain on physical abilities, psychological distress, and patients' perceptions. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 8:61-78, 1985

 

156. Hendler N, Cimini C, Ma T, Long D: A comparison of cognitive impairment due to benzodiazepines and to narcotics. American Journal Of Psychiatry 137:828-830, 1980

 

157. Herrmann WM, Kern U, Aigner M: On the adverse reactions and efficacy of long-term treatment with flupirtine: preliminary results of an ongoing twelve-month study with 200 patients suffering from chronic pain states in arthrosis or arthritis. Postgraduate Medical Journal 63 Suppl 3:87-103, 1987

 

158. Hess TM, Lutz LJ, Nauss LA, Lamer TJ: Treatment of acute herpetic neuralgia. A case report and review of the literature [see comments]. Minnesota Medicine 73:37-40, 1990

 

159. Honig S: Long-term therapy for the pain of osteoarthritis: a comparison of zomepirac sodium and aspirin. Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology 23:494-504, 1983

 

160. Hove B, Gyldensted C: Cervical analgesic facet joint arthrography. Neuroradiology 32:456-459, 1990

 

161. Jackson RP, Jacobs RR, Montesana PX: Fascet joint injection in low back pain: a prospective statistical study. Spine 13:966-971, 1988(Abstract)

 

162. Jacobs M, Jorning P, Beckers R, et al: Foot salvage and improvement of microvascular blood flow as a result of epidural spinal cord electrical stimulation. Journal of Vascular Surgery 12:354-360, 1990(Abstract)

 

163. Jacobson L, Chabal C, Mariano AJ, Chaney EF: Persistent low-back pain is real. However, diagnostic spinal injections are not helpful in its evaluation. Clinical Journal of Pain 8:237-241, 1992

 

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