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Brief Descriptions of the Testing Procedures
Testing ProcedureBrief Description of the Testing ProcedureMuscle Power Sprint Test (MSPT) ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren2007 38383817O Verschuren T TakkenM Ketelaar JW Gorter JM Helders Reliability for running tests for measuring agility and anaerobic muscle power in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy108-1151922007 Verschuren200739393917O Verschuren M Ketelaar JW Gorter PJM Helders C UiterwaalExercise training program in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 1075-108116111200731This test was administered using the guidelines provided. ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren2007 38383817O Verschuren T TakkenM Ketelaar JW Gorter JM Helders Reliability for running tests for measuring agility and anaerobic muscle power in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy108-1151922007 31
Equipment Used: Cones, tape, stop watch
Set Up: A 15-meter course was set up with cones and tape marking each end of the course.
Activity: The participant performed 6 separate 15-meter sprints as fast as possible from one end of the course to the other
Instructions to the Participant : Following the warm up activity, ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren2007 38383817O Verschuren T TakkenM Ketelaar JW Gorter JM Helders Reliability for running tests for measuring agility and anaerobic muscle power in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy108-1151922007 31 the participant was instructed to run from one end of the course to other as fast as he possibly could. Encouragement was provided using phrases such as Come on- you can do it, You are doing great, keep going, etc.
Scoring: Per the guidelines, the first author used a stop watch to record the time necessary for the participant to complete each of the 15-m sprints. Time was recorded to the 100th of a second. Power output for each sprint was calculated based on the formulas provided. ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren2007 38383817O Verschuren T TakkenM Ketelaar JW Gorter JM Helders Reliability for running tests for measuring agility and anaerobic muscle power in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy108-1151922007 31
Units of Measurement: Watts.
Changes to the Protocol: The test was administered in accordance with the guidelines provided with the following exceptions noted:
Due to space constraints at the clinic where the testing occurred, it was felt that the participants performance in the test may be impacted by a wall that was fairly close to one end of the 15-meter course. Based on this concern, the participant performed all sprints on the course in the same direction so that this wall was not a factor. After each sprint, he would walk the course to return to his starting point and then start the timed 10-second rest before starting the next sprint.
10 x 5-Meter Sprint Test ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren2007 38383817O Verschuren T TakkenM Ketelaar JW Gorter JM Helders Reliability for running tests for measuring agility and anaerobic muscle power in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy108-1151922007 31This test was administered using the guidelines provided. ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren2007 38383817O Verschuren T TakkenM Ketelaar JW Gorter JM Helders Reliability for running tests for measuring agility and anaerobic muscle power in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy108-1151922007 31
Equipment Used: Cones, tape, stop watch
Set Up: A 5-meter course was set up with cones and tape marking each end of the course.
Activity: The participant performed a continuous sprint along the 5-meter course until the 10 sprints have been completed. This results in the participant executing 9 turns during the test.
Instructions to the Participant: Following the warm up activity, ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren2007 38383817O Verschuren T TakkenM Ketelaar JW Gorter JM Helders Reliability for running tests for measuring agility and anaerobic muscle power in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy108-1151922007 31 the participant was instructed to run the continuous sprint as fast as he possibly could. Encouragement was provided using phrases such as Come on- you can do it, You are doing great, keep going, etc.
Scoring: Per the guidelines, the first author used a stop watch to record the time necessary for the participant to complete each the continuous sprint. Time was recorded to the 10th of a second.
Units of Measurement: Seconds.
Functional Lower Extremity Strength Tests ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren200847474717O Verschuren M KetelaarT Takken M van BrusselPJM HeldersJW Gorter Reliability of hand-held dynamometry and functional strength tests for the lower extremity in children with cerebral palsy. Dis Rehabil. 2008;30(18):1358-1366. Disability and Rehabilitation1358-13663018200833The Lateral Step-up Test was performed according the guidelines provided. ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren200847474717O Verschuren M KetelaarT Takken M van BrusselPJM HeldersJW Gorter Reliability of hand-held dynamometry and functional strength tests for the lower extremity in children with cerebral palsy. Dis Rehabil. 2008;30(18):1358-1366. Disability and Rehabilitation1358-13663018200833
Equipment Used: A 20 centimeter (cm) bench, stop watch
Activity: The participant performed a lateral stepping technique for 30 seconds. The participant stood with the lower extremity to be tested on the bench and the other foot on the floor. The feet were parallel and placed shoulder width apart. The participant then steps up on the bench unilaterally. Appropriate lateral stepping technique was defined as the participant achieving a position within 15 degrees of full knee extension on the extremity being tested. This test was performed bilaterally.
Instructions to the Participant: The participant was instructed in the activity and performed several slow practice repetitions to ensure that he understood the task and was performing it correctly. He was instructed to perform the lateral stepping as fast as he could until he was told to stop. Encouragement was provided by counting repetitions out loud.
Scoring: Per the guidelines, repetitions were counted each time the heel or toes of the extremity not being tested touched the floor.
Units of Measurement: Number of repetitions.
Changes to the Protocol:
A 20 cm bench was not available. An 8-inch bench was used instead.
The Sit-to-Stand Test was performed according the guidelines provided. ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren200847474717O Verschuren M KetelaarT Takken M van BrusselPJM HeldersJW Gorter Reliability of hand-held dynamometry and functional strength tests for the lower extremity in children with cerebral palsy. Dis Rehabil. 2008;30(18):1358-1366. Disability and Rehabilitation1358-13663018200833
Equipment Used: A bench with the participants feet flat on the floor with the hips and knees flexed to 90 degrees, stop watch.
Activity: The participant performed sit-to-stand transitions for 30 seconds without use of the arms.
Instructions to the Participant: The participant was instructed in the activity and performed several slow practice repetitions to ensure that he understood the task and was performing it correctly. He was instructed to perform the sit-to-stand activity as fast as he could until he was told to stop. Encouragement was provided by counting repetitions out loud.
Scoring: Per the guidelines, repetitions were counted each time the participants legs and hips were within 15 degrees of the extended position.
Units of Measurement: Number of repetitions.
Changes to the Protocol:
A bench of the appropriate height was not available. The participant was positioned at the edge of a mat table instead. This mat table positioned him in approximately 95 degrees of hip flexion with his knees at 90 degrees and his feet flat on the floor.
Attaining stand through half-kneel without the use of the upper extremities was performed according the guidelines provided. ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren200847474717O Verschuren M KetelaarT Takken M van BrusselPJM HeldersJW Gorter Reliability of hand-held dynamometry and functional strength tests for the lower extremity in children with cerebral palsy. Dis Rehabil. 2008;30(18):1358-1366. Disability and Rehabilitation1358-13663018200833
Equipment Used: Mat, stop watch
Activity: The participant performed transitions from half-kneel to stand for 30 seconds without using the upper extremities. The test was performed bilaterally.
Instructions to the Participant: The participant was instructed in the activity and performed several slow practice repetitions to ensure that he understood the task and was performing it correctly. He was instructed to perform the transitions as fast as he could until he was told to stop. Encouragement was provided by counting repetitions out loud.
Scoring: Per the guidelines, repetitions were counted each time the participant achieved a standing position with both legs and hips within 15 degrees of the extended position.
Units of Measurement: Number of repetitions.
The Strength Subtest BOT-2 ADDIN EN.CITE Bruininks20056868686RH Bruininks BD Bruininks BOT-2: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition Manual. 2005Minneapolis, MNPearson Assessments 34The Strength Subtest of the BOT-2 ADDIN EN.CITE Bruininks20056868686RH Bruininks BD Bruininks BOT-2: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition Manual. 2005Minneapolis, MNPearson Assessments 34 was administered and scored in accordance with the procedures outlined in the BOT-2 Manual. ADDIN EN.CITE Bruininks20056868686RH Bruininks BD Bruininks BOT-2: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition Manual. 2005Minneapolis, MNPearson Assessments 34
The participant performed the test using the full push-up option. Per the BOT-2 Manual, ADDIN EN.CITE Bruininks20056868686RH Bruininks BD Bruininks BOT-2: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition Manual. 2005Minneapolis, MNPearson Assessments 34 scoring was performed to reflect the use of the full push-up.
10-Meter Shuttle Run Test ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren200645454517O Verschuren T TakkenM Ketelaar JW Gorter PJM Helders Reliability and validity of data for 2 newly developed shuttle run tests in children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2006;86(8):1107-1117. Physical TherapyPhysical Therapy1107-1117868200636The test was performed according to the guidelines provided.36
The test requires the child to walk or run between 2 markers delineating the respective 10 m course. It consists of 23 levels with each level performed at a set incremental speed. The test is paced using a CD ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren20086565659O Verschuren 10-m shuttle run test CD200844 that provides audio bleeps at set intervals. At the end of each level, the child is instructed to try and go a little faster.
Equipment Used: The CD for children at a GMFCS Level I, ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren20086565659O Verschuren 10-m shuttle run test CD200844 tape, cones.
Set Up: A 10-meter course was set up with cones and tape marking each end of the course.
Activity: The participant completed the 10-meter course at the pace set by the CD. ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren20086565659O Verschuren 10-m shuttle run test CD200844
Instructions to the Participant: The participant was instructed to walk or run as long as possible until he was no longer able to keep up with the pace set by the CD. ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren20086565659O Verschuren 10-m shuttle run test CD200844 At the end of each level, the participant was instructed to go a little faster. Encouragement was provided using phrases such as Come on- you can do it, You are doing great, keep going, etc.
Scoring: This criterion referenced test is scored based on the number of levels completed by the participant with the results recorded in units of the level or half level completed. The participants heart rate at the end of the test was also recorded and per the guidelines was >180 beats per minutes. Per the administration guidelines, the test was discontinued per the guidelines when the participant was more than 1.5 meters away from the marker on 2 consecutive paced signals within one level.
Units of Measurement: Number of levels or half levels completed.
Changes to the Protocol: The test was administered in accordance with the guidelines provided with the CD ADDIN EN.CITE Verschuren20086565659O Verschuren 10-m shuttle run test CD200844 with the following exceptions noted:
A heart rate monitor was not available. Heart rate at the end of the test was obtained using standard manual procedures.
The GMFM-66 ADDIN EN.CITE Russell DJ20027373736Russell DJ, Rosenbaum PL, Avery LM, Lane MGross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88) Users Manual. 2002High Holborn, EnglandMac Keith Press37The GMFM-66 ADDIN EN.CITE Russell DJ20027373736Russell DJ, Rosenbaum PL, Avery LM, Lane MGross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88) Users Manual. 2002High Holborn, EnglandMac Keith Press37 was administered and scored in accordance with the procedures outlined in the GMFM Manual. ADDIN EN.CITE Russell DJ20027373736Russell DJ, Rosenbaum PL, Avery LM, Lane MGross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88) Users Manual. 2002High Holborn, EnglandMac Keith Press37
As included in the GMFM Manual, ADDIN EN.CITE Russell DJ20027373736Russell DJ, Rosenbaum PL, Avery LM, Lane MGross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88) Users Manual. 2002High Holborn, EnglandMac Keith Press37 the Gross Motor Ability Estimator (GMAE) ADDIN EN.CITE Russell DJ7979799Russell DJ, Rosenbaum PL, Avery LM, Lane MGMAE42 was used to score the GMFM-66 scores.
APPENDIX 1
Brief Descriptions of the Testing Procedures Continued
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